Paiwan tribe old Glass beads collar

In Paiwan society, ancient and valuable glass beads are treasured as heirlooms or betrothal gifts, symbolizing aristocratic status. These beads are often carefully stored in old pottery jars. The daily wearing of bead necklaces reflects the rank of chiefs and nobles. According to Paiwan mythology, the spiritual essence within the beads provides protection for family members. Similar to beads from other parts of Southeast Asia, Paiwan beads are rich in lead, opaque, and resemble natural stones. Their designs—featuring slanted or vertical lines and eye patterns—mirror those passed down through Paiwan generations, making them more culturally connected to South Pacific traditions than to Han Chinese influences. It is believed that the ancestors of the Paiwan brought these heirloom beads with them when they migrated from Southeast Asia to Taiwan about two thousand years ago. During the Dutch colonial period in the 17th century, beads may have also been used as trade items, introducing foreign beads into Paiwan culture. By the early 1970s, Paiwan artisans began replicating ancient beads and designing new ones to cater to both Indigenous needs and tourist demand. According to legend, Paiwan people regard beads as divine gifts—alive, gendered, and blessed, possessing the power to ward off evil. Over generations, Paiwan leaders have passed down many myths surrounding beads. Examples include the “sun bead,” symbolizing a sacred covenant; the “beautiful elite bead,” used as a betrothal gift; the “peacock bead,” offered by the peacock king as a bridal price; as well as common types like the “crescent moon bead,” “weaving woman bead,” “land god bead,” and the “four-limb bead.”